A stranger at home? A multilevel analysis of anti-Muslim sentiment in Western European societies

The capability of accommodation policies to create inclusive and cohesive societies for social integration has recently been called into question. Some people worry that may upset those who disagree about the policy a backlash effect. This study examines these issues using theory cognitive dissonance empirically tests whether individuals’ preference influences impact Islam on anti-Muslim sentiments. Using survey data from 15 Western European countries, we find produce socialising effects whose opinions resonate with policies. However, do not statistical evidence dissonate findings suggest radicalise dissonant are likely reduce sentiments among